Toxicology is the study of the adverse effects of chemical and biological substances on living organisms, including mechanisms, detection, and treatment of poisoning.
Toxin / AgentAntidote / Treatment
Opiate / OpioidNaloxone
CannabisSupportive care
CholinergicAtropine, Pralidoxime
AnticholinergicSupportive, seizure protocol
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA)Sodium Bicarbonate, IV lipids
Salicylates (ASA)Sodium Bicarbonate
SympathomimeticSupportive, seizure protocol
Serotonin syndromeSeizure protocol, Cyproheptadine
DigoxinDigibind, Magnesium Sulphate
Beta BlockersGlucagon, Insulin, IV lipids
BenzodiazepinesFlumazenil
Calcium Channel BlockersCalcium Gluconate, Glucagon, Insulin, IV lipids
Ethylene GlycolFomepizole, Ethanol, Folic Acid, Thiamine
MethanolFomepizole, Ethanol, Folic Acid, Thiamine
Hydrogen Sulphide (H₂S)Decontamination, Sodium Nitrite
HyperkalemiaCalcium Chloride, Sodium Bicarb, Insulin/Dextrose, Salbutamol, Kayexalate
Iron (Fe)Deferoxamine
Monoamine Inhibitors (MAOIs)Supportive care
Carbon MonoxideHigh-flow Oxygen, Hyperbaric Therapy
AcetaminophenMucomyst (N-Acetylcysteine)
CyanideHydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit), Lilly Kit
MethemoglobinemiaOxygen, Hyperbaric Therapy, Methylene Blue
HypoglycemiaDextrose (D50)
Dopamine extravasationPhentolamine
Warfarin (Coumadin)Vitamin K, Octaplex
HeparinProtamine Sulphate
Spider/Scorpion envenomationCalcium Chloride
Succinylcholine / General AnaesthesiaDantrolene
Malignant HyperthermiaDantrolene
JellyfishVinegar, Calcium Gluconate, Zinc Gluconate
Magnesium SulphateCalcium Gluconate
Heavy MetalsDiSodium, Dimercapol, Edetate Calcium
Hydrofluoric AcidCalcium Gluconate